Pyrus communis

Pyrus communis

Synonymy

Source: Kurtto, A. (2009+): Rosaceae (pro parte majore). In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Pyrus communis L., Sp. Pl.: 479. 1753
    • =Sorbus pyrus Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 56. 1763, nom. illeg.
    • =Crataegus excelsa Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 357. 1796, nom. illeg.
    • =Pyrenia pyrus Clairv., Man. Herb. Suisse: 161. 1811, nom. illeg.
    • =Pyrus balansae Decne., Jard. Fruit. 1: 319, t. 6. 1871
    • =Pyrus sosnovskyi Fed. in Sbornik Nauchn. Trudy Bot. O-Va Arm. SSR I Arm. Fil. Akad. Nauk. 1: 5. 1938
    • =Pyrus elata Rubtzov in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 9(2): 72. 1941
    • =Pyrus vsevolodii Heideman in Izv. Azerbaidzhansk. Fil. AN SSSR 2: 76. 1941
    • =Pyrus amphigenea Dostálek in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 24: 105. 1989

    Content

    Distribution

    AE(G) Ab Al Ar Au(A L) BH Be(B L) ?Br Bu By Cg Cm Co Cs Ct Es Ga Ge Gg Gr He Ho Hs(S) Hu It La Lt Mk Mo Po Rf(C CS K S) Rm Sa Si(S) Sk Sl Sr Tu(A E) Uk [cAg Ca(T) cCr cCy Da Hb(E N) cLe cLi Lu cMa cNo Si(M) Su cTn] 

    Euro+Med not endemicA,B,C,D,E,F,G,H: Albania native ‒ nativeI,J; Algeria cultivated ‒ cultivatedK,L; Armenia native ‒ nativeB,M,N,O,P,Q; Austria, with Liechtenstein native ‒ nativeJ (Austria native ‒ nativeR,S, Liechtenstein native ‒ nativeS); Azerbaijan native ‒ nativeM,T,U; Belarus native ‒ nativeV; Belgium, with Luxembourg native ‒ nativeJ (Belgium native ‒ nativeS, Luxembourg native ‒ nativeS); Bosnia-Herzegovina native ‒ nativeV; Bulgaria native ‒ nativeJ,W,X; Canary islands introduced ‒ introducedY,Z (Tenerife introduced ‒ introducedY,Z); Corsica native ‒ nativeAA,AB; Crete, with Karpathos cultivated; Crimea native ‒ nativeAC,AD; Croatia native ‒ nativeAE,AF; Cyprus cultivated ‒ cultivatedF; Czech Republic native ‒ nativeAG,AH,AI,AJ,AK,S; Denmark introduced; East Aegean islands (Greek East Aegean islands native ‒ nativeAL); Estonia native ‒ nativeAM; France, with Channel is. and Monaco native ‒ nativeAN,J,S; Georgia native ‒ nativeAO,AP,AQ,M; Germany native ‒ nativeAR,AS,AT,AU,J,S; Great Britain native: presence questionable ‒ native: presence questionableJ; Greece native ‒ nativeJ; Hungary native ‒ nativeAV,AW,J; Ireland, with N Ireland (Ireland introduced ‒ introducedAX, Northern Ireland introduced ‒ introducedAY); Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City native ‒ nativeAZ,J; Latvia native ‒ nativeAM; Lebanon cultivated ‒ cultivatedH; Libya cultivated ‒ cultivatedC,K; Lithuania native ‒ nativeAM; Moldova native ‒ nativeBA; Montenegro native ‒ nativeV; Morocco cultivated ‒ cultivatedK; Netherlands native ‒ nativeBB,S; North Macedonia native ‒ nativeBC; Norway cultivated ‒ cultivatedBD; Poland native ‒ nativeBE,J,S; Portugal introduced ‒ introducedBF; Romania native ‒ nativeBG,J; Russia (C European Russia native ‒ nativeV, Kaliningrad region native ‒ nativeV, North Caucasus native ‒ nativeM, S European Russia native ‒ nativeV); Sardinia native ‒ nativeAZ; Serbia, with Kosovo native ‒ nativeBH; Sicily, with Malta native (Malta introduced ‒ introducedBI, Sicily native ‒ nativeAZ); Slovakia native ‒ nativeAG,AJ,BJ,BK; Slovenia native ‒ nativeBL; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra native ‒ nativeJ (Spain native ‒ nativeBM); Sweden introduced ‒ introducedBN; Switzerland native ‒ nativeBO,BP,J,S; Tunisia cultivated ‒ cultivatedBQ,K; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part native ‒ nativeAL,BR, Turkey-in-Europe native ‒ nativeAL); Ukraine native ‒ nativeAC; Ukraine, with Crimea nativeBS,BT

    Common Names

    Aragonese (Spain): peraBU, peralBU, pereraBU, peroneroBU; Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese (Spain): esgañonesBU, morquitesBU, peraBU, pera blanquillaBU, pera de San JuanBU, pera de cardoBU, pera de conferenciaBU, pera esgañonaBU, pera invernizaBU, pera japonesaBU, pera limoneraBU, pera melardinaBU, peralBU, peral de SantiagoBU, peral de VillamayorBU, peral montésBU, pereiraBU, pereiroBU, peruchalBU, peruchoBU, peruyaBU, peruyalBU, peruyeiroBU, peruyinaBU, peruyoBU, piruchalBU, piruxetsoBU, piruyalBU, piruyeiroBU, piruyoBU; Basque (Spain): chermenBU, madariBU, madari-ondoBU, madariaBU, madariondoBU, madariyaBU, maradiondoaBU, mudariaBU, txermenaBV, udareBV, udareaBV, udareondoBV, udareondoaBV, udariaBV, udarondoBV, udarreaBV; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): llimoneraBV, peraBV, pera sarmenyaBV, perallonerBV, peramanyerBV, perellonerBV, perellóBV, peremanyerBV, pererBV, pereraBV, perera bordaBV, perera cultivadaBV, pereresBV, pomera bordaBV, sarmenyeraBV; Finnish (Finland): (sato)päärynäpuuBW; Galician (Spain): cagoteBV, escambroeiroBV, espiño cambrónBV, estirpoBV, estripoBV, pereiraBV, pereiroBV, peroBV, pireiroBV; Greek, Modern (1453-) (Greece): Απιδέα η κοινήBX, ΑχλαδιάBX, Πύρος ο κοινόςBX, άπηςBY, αγριαχλαδιάBY, απιδιάBY; High Aragonese (Spain): pererasBV; Majorcan (Mallorca): pereraBV; Portuguese (Portugal): catapereiroBV, escalheiro mansoBV, escambroeiroBV, pereiraBV, pereira bravaBV, pereira cultivadaBV, pereira mansaBV, pereiroBV, pêraBV; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): atoraizasBV, ceremeñaBV, cermeñaBV, cermeñoBV, corujaBV, de bergamotaBV, de calabacillaBV, espinoBV, fragatúaBV, gabusiaBV, galaperuBV, galeperoBV, guaraperoBV, madarigaBV, peraBV, pera montiscaBV, peralBV, peral de aguaBV, peral de don guindoBV, peral de espadonaBV, peral de inviernoBV, peral donguindoBV, peral granitoBV, peral montiscoBV, peral silvestreBV, perasBV, perellóBV, pereluzu de surbituBV, pereroBV, pereteroBV, perillos de San JuanBV, peroBV, pero cautivadoBV, perojalBV, perojoBV, peruchoBV, perucoBV, perujalBV, perujoBV, perullalBV, perulloBV, peruyoBV, peruétanoBV, peruétanuBV, pirujalBV, pirujoBV, pirujuBV, piruétanoBV, sanjuanerasBV; Valencian (Spain): pereraBV

    Bibliography

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    B. Davis, P. H. 1972: Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands 4
    C. El-Gadi, A. A. 1977: Flora of Libya 31
    D. Gamisans, J. 1985: Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Corse. – Ajaccio
    E. Haslam, S. L., Sell, P. D. & Wolseley, P. A. 1977: A flora of the Maltese Islands. – Msida
    F. Meikle, R. D. 1977: Flora of Cyprus 1. – Kew
    G. Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d'Italia 1
    H. Post, G. E. 1932: Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai 1. – Beirut
    I. Demiri, M. 1983: Flora ekskursioniste e shqipërisë. – Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese e Librit Shkollor (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    J. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1964–1980: Flora europaea 1-5. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    K. Maire, R. C. J. E. 1980: Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaique et Sahara) 15 (as Pyrus communis subsp. sativa (DC.) Asch. & Graebn.)
    L. Quézel, P. A. & Santa, S. 1962: Nouvelle flore de L'Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales 1
    M. Grossheim, A. A. 1952: Flora Kavkaza, ed. 2, 5. – Moskva-Leningrad (as Pyrus caucasica Fed.)
    N. Grossheim, A. A. 1952: Flora Kavkaza, ed. 2, 5. – Moskva-Leningrad (as Pyrus elata Rubtzov)
    O. Grossheim, A. A. 1952: Flora Kavkaza, ed. 2, 5. – Moskva-Leningrad (as Pyrus sosnovskyi Fed.)
    P. Takhtajan, A. L. 1958: Flora Armenii 3. – Erevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences (as Pyrus elata Rubtzov)
    Q. Takhtajan, A. L. 1958: Flora Armenii 3. – Erevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences (as Pyrus sosnovskyi Fed.)
    R. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Österreich. – Stuttgart & Wien (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    S. Hegi, G. 1994: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, ed. 2, IV(2B,lfg.4-6) (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    T. Karjagin, I. I. 1954: Flora Azerbajdžana 5. – Baku: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk Azerbajdžanskoj SSR (as Pyrus vsevolodii Heideman)
    U. Karjagin, I. I. 1954: Flora Azerbajdžana 5. – Baku: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk Azerbajdžanskoj SSR (as Pyrus elata Rubtzov)
    V. Scholz, H. (ed.) 1995: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, ed. 2, IV(2B). – Berlin (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    W. Andreev, N. , Ančev, M. , Kožuharov, S. I. , Markova, M. , Peev, D. & Petrova, A. 1992: Opredelitel na visšite rastenija v Bălgarija. – Sofija: Nauka i izkustvo (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    X. Jordanov, D. 1973: Flora na Narodna Republika Bălgarija 5. – Sofija (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    Y. Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. 1993: Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4th revised edition. – Sommerfeltia 17
    Z. Izquierdo, I. & al. (ed.) 2001: Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias (Hongos, Plantas y Animales Terrestres). – La Laguna
    AA. Burdet, H. M. 1993: Compléments au prodrome de la flore corse. Annexe 3 [Gamisans, J. & Jeanmonod, D.]. – Genève (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AB. Gamisans, J. 1985: Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Corse. – Ajaccio (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AC. Browicz, K. 1992: Chorology of trees and shrubs in south-west Asia and adjacent regions 9. – Poznan
    AD. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1964–1980: Flora europaea 1-5. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (as Pyrus caucasica Fed.)
    AE. Nikolić, T. 1997: Flora Croatica, Index Florae Croaticae Pars 2. – Zagreb: Croatian Natural History Museum (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AF. Nikolić, T. 2020: Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske 3. – Zagreb
    AG. Dostál, J. 1989: Nová Kvetena CSSR 1 (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AH. Dostál, J. 1989: Nová Kvetena CSSR 1 (as Pyrus pyraster subsp. achras Stohr)
    AI. Kubát, K. 1991: Velky klúc na ucovanie vyssích rastlín I (as Pyrus pyraster subsp. achras Stohr)
    AJ. Kubát, K. 1991: Velky klúc na ucovanie vyssích rastlín I (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AK. Slavík & Štěpánková, J. 1992: Květena České republiky 3 (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AL. Davis, P. H. 1972: Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands 4 (as Pyrus communis L. subsp. communis)
    AM. Laasimer, L., Kuusk, V., Tabaka, L. & Lekavičius, A. (ed.) 1996: Flora of the Baltic countries 2. – Tartu: Estonian Academy of Sciences (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AN. Guinochet, M. & Vilmorin, R. de 1984: Flore de France 5 (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AO. Grossheim, A. A. 1952: Flora Kavkaza, ed. 2, 5. – Moskva-Leningrad (as Pyrus balansae Decne.)
    AP. Kec'xoveli, N. 1980: Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 6. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba (as Pyrus caucasica Fed.)
    AQ. Kec'xoveli, N. 1980: Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 6. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba (as Pyrus balansae Decne.)
    AR. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 4. Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band, ed. 8. – Jena, Stuttgart (as Pyrus pyraster subsp. achras Stohr)
    AS. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 4. Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band, ed. 8. – Jena, Stuttgart (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AT. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2000: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gefäßpflanzen: Atlasband 10, ed. 10, 3 (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AU. Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. – Stuttgart (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AV. Horváth, F., Dobolyi, Z. K., Morschhauser, T, Lőkös, L., Karas, L. & Szerdahelyi, T. 1995: Flóra adatbázis 1.2. Taxon-lista és attribútum allomány. – Vácrátót (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AW. Simon, T. 1992: A magyarországi edényes flóra határozója. Harasztok - virágos növények. – Budapest (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AX. Webb, D. A., Parnell, J. & Doogue, D. 1996: An Irish Flora. – Dundalk (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    AY. Preston, C. D. & al. (ed.) 2002: New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. – Oxford
    AZ. Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d'Italia 1 (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BA. Gejdeman, T. S. 1986: Opredelitel' vysših rastenij Moldavskoj SSR, ed. 3. – Kisinev: Shtiintza (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BB. Duistermaat, H., Sparrius, L. B. & Denters, T. 2021: Standaardlijst van de Nederlandse flora 2020. – Gorteria; mededelingenblad ten dienste van de floristiek en het vegetatie-onderzoek van Nederland 43: 109-156
    BC. Micevski, K. 1998: Flora of Republic of Macedonia 1(4). – Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BD. Lid, D. T. 1994: Norsk Flora, ed. 6. – Oslo
    BE. Mirek, Z. 1995: Vascular plants of Poland. A Checklist. – Polish Botanical Studies Guidebook Series 15
    BF. J. M. A. do A. Franco 1971: Nova Flora de Portugal (continente e Açores). 1. – Lisboa
    BG. Ciocîrlan, V. 1988: Flora Ilustrata a României 1. – Bucureşti: Editura Ceres (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BH. Josifović, M. 1972: Flora SR Srbije = Flore de la Republique Socialiste de Serbie 4. – Beograd: Academie Serbe des sciences et des arts (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BI. Haslam, S. L., Sell, P. D. & Wolseley, P. A. 1977: A flora of the Maltese Islands. – Msida (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BJ. Futák, J. 1992: Flóra Slovenska IV(3) (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BK. Marhold, K. & Hindák, F. 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. – Bratislava (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BL. Martinčič, A. 1999: Mala flora Slovenije, ed. 3. – Ljubljana (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BM. Bolòs, O. de, Vigo Bonada, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990: Flora manual dels països catalans. – Barcelona (as Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster (L.) Ehrh.)
    BN. Krok, T. O. B. N. & Almquist, S. O. I. 1994: Svensk Flora: Fanerogamer och ormbunksvaxter 27, ed. 27. – Stockholm
    BO. Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H. M. 1994: Flore de la Suisse, ed. 2. – Neuchâtel (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BP. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin (as Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.)
    BQ. Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1981: Flore de la Tunisie 2. – Tunis
    BR. Davis, P. H. 1972: Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands 4 (as Pyrus communis subsp. caucasica (Fed.) Browicz)
    BS. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
    BT. Prokudin, J. N. 1987: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka
    BU. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/
    BV. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/ (as Pyrus communis L.)
    BW. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS (as Pyrus communis L.)
    BX. Kabbadas, D. S. 1957–1964: Eikonographemenon botanikon-phytologikon lexikon. – Athenai (as Pyrus communis L.)
    BY. Voliotis, D. & Athanasiadis, N. 1971: Dendra ke thamni [Trees and shrubs; in Greek]. – Thessaloniki (as Pyrus communis L.)