Ligustrum vulgare

Ligustrum vulgare

Synonymy

Source: Raab-Straube, E. von 2022+: Oleaceae. - In: Euro+Med-PlantBase - the information resource for Euro+Mediterranean plant diversity.
Ligustrum vulgare L., Sp. Pl.: 7. 1753
    • =Ligustrum italicum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Ligustrum no. 2. 1768
    • Ligustrum vulgare subsp. italicum (Mill.) Fukarek in Posebna Izd. Srpska Kralj. Akad. Nauka Umetn., Nauke Prir. Mat. (Spisi) 4: 10. 1983

    Distribution

    Ab(A) ?Ag Al Ar Au(A L) BH Be(B L) Br Bu Cg Cm dCo Cs Ct Ga(C F) Ge Gg Gr Hb(E N) He Ho Hs(A S) Hu It Lu Ma Mk Mo No Po Rf(CS S) Rm Si(S) Sk Sl Sr Su Tu(A E) Uk [Az(aM aT) cBy nCa(T) cLi Lt cRf(C E NW) aSa] 

    Euro+Med not endemicA: Albania nativeB,C,D,E,F,G,H,I; Algeria native: presence questionableA,J; Armenia nativeK,L; Austria, with Liechtenstein nativeG (Austria nativeM,N, Liechtenstein nativeN,O); Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan (core) nativeK); Azores introducedG,P (São Miguel casualQ, Terceira casualQ); Belarus cultivatedR; Belgium, with Luxembourg nativeG (Belgium nativeS,T, Luxembourg nativeS,T); Bosnia-Herzegovina nativenativeF,U,V; Bulgaria nativeE,G,W,X,Y; Canary islands naturalisedJ,P (Tenerife introducedP,Z); Corsica native: doubtfully nativeAA,E; Crimea nativeAB,AC,E,G,R; Croatia nativeAD,AE,F; Czech Republic nativeAF,AG,AH; Former Yugoslavia nativeE,G; France, with Channel is. and Monaco (Channel islands nativeAI, France nativeAJ,E,G); Georgia nativeAK,AL; Germany nativeAM,AN,AO,AP,AQ,AR,G; Great Britain nativeAI,AS,G; Greece nativeAT,E,F,G; Hungary nativeAU,AV,G; Ireland, with N Ireland nativeG (Ireland nativeAS,AW,AX, Northern Ireland nativeAS); Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City nativeAE,AY,AZ,E,G,N; Libya cultivatedJ; Lithuania introducedBA; Moldova nativeBB; Montenegro nativeBC,F; Morocco nativeE,J; Netherlands nativeBD,BE,G; North Macedonia nativeBF,BG; Norway nativeBH,BI,G; Poland nativeBJ,G; Portugal nativeBK,E,G; Romania nativeBL,BM,BN,G; Russia (C European Russia cultivatedR, E European Russia cultivatedR, NW European Russia cultivatedR, North Caucasus nativeK, S European Russia nativeR); Sardinia casualAY,BO; Serbia, with Kosovo nativeBP; Sicily, with Malta nativeG (Sicily nativeAY,AZ,BQ); Slovakia nativeAG,BR,BS,BT; Slovenia nativeAE,BU; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra nativeE,G (Andorra nativeBV, Spain nativeBW); Sweden nativeBX,BY,G; Switzerland nativeBZ,CA,CB,G; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part nativeCC,E, Turkey-in-Europe nativeE,G); Ukraine nativeR; Ukraine, with Crimea nativeAB,CD

    Common Names

    Aragonese (Spain): aligustreCE, dentiscoCE, legustreCE, pisagangCE; Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese (Spain): cornampuyaCE, cornapuyaCE, cornapúCE, sanjuanínCE; Basque (Spain): arbustu arruntCE, arbustu arruntaCE, arbustu-arruntaCE, belchaleaCE, beltzaleCE, biñorríaCE, sosakusiCE, sosakusiaCE, zuhain madarikatuCE; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): albenaCE, albengaCE, alengaCE, alenyaCE, alhenyaCE, aligustreCE, alquenaCE, herba dels ficsCE, llampuga blancaCE, olivellaCE, oliveretaCE, pisasangCE, sanguine(t)CE, troanaCE; Galician (Spain): alfaneiraCE, alfaneiroCE, alfeneiroCE, alfenheiroCE, fiadeiraCE, fiafeiraCE, fiazaCE, filseiraCE, fuseraCE, galiña gordaCE, ligustroCE, santantoninhasCE, santantoniñasCE, tilseiraCE, touseraCE; German (Germany): Gewöhnlicher LigusterAO; Greek, Modern (1453-) (Greece): ΑγριοελιάCF, ΑγριομυρτιάCF, ΜαυρομέλιοCF, ΜυρτολιάCF, ΝεροβεργιάCF; High Aragonese (Spain): dentiscoCE, legustreCE, pisasangCE, yerba de las andaderasCE; Majorcan (Mallorca): abreguetCE, belchaliáCE, biñorriáCE, olivellaCE, rotabechCE, sosacusiáCE; Portuguese (Portugal): alfaneiraCE, alfaneiroCE, alfeheiroCE, alfenaCE, alfeneiroCE, alfenheiroCE, alfeninheiroCE, cascafilgueiroCE, fiafeiraCE, filseiraCE, ligustroCE, santantoninhasCE, sant´AntoninhasCE; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): abustoCE, albenaCE, albeñaCE, alfenaCE, alfeñaCE, alheñaCE, aligustreCE, azahar silvestreCE, bojeCE, capicuernoCE, cornapuzCE, legustioCE, ligustroCE, ligustro germánicoCE, malamdurilloCE, malmadurilloCE, malmarudilloCE, mata-hombresCE, matahombresCE, olivastroCE, palillo duroCE, sanguñeraCE, sebe de jardínCE, árbol de alheñaCE, árbol del paraisoCE; Valencian (Spain): oliveretaCE, pisasangCE, sanguine(t)CE

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