Cannabis sativa

Cannabis sativa

Synonymy

Source: Uotila, P. (2011+): Cannabaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Cannabis sativa L., Sp. Pl.: 1027. 1753
    • =Cannabis sativa var. spontanea Vavilov in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13, Suppl. 23: 148. 1922
    • =Cannabis ruderalis Janisch. in Uchen. Zap. Saratovsk. Gosud. Chernyshevskogo Univ. 2(2): 14. 1924
    • =Cannabis sativa subsp. spontanea, nom. inval.

    Distribution

    Ab(A N) Ar dAu(A L) Bu Cm Cs Es Ge Gg Hb dHu La Mo Rf(C CS E S) Uk [pAE nAl pBH aBe(B) pBl aBr By aCg pCo pCr nCt cCy aDa aFe pGa(aC) pGr aHb(E N) He pHo pHs(cS) cIr aIs nIt aLe pLt Lu pMa Mk aNo cPo Rf(pK aN NW) Rm nSa cSi(aS) nSk Sl aSu aSy pTu(A E)] 

    Euro+Med not endemicA,B,C: Albania naturalisedD; Armenia nativeE,F; Austria, with Liechtenstein native: doubtfully nativeG (Austria native: doubtfully nativeH,I,J, Liechtenstein native: doubtfully nativeJ); Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan (core) nativeE,K, Nakhchivan nativeE); Baleares introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationL; Belarus introducedM; Belgium, with Luxembourg casualN (Belgium casualO); Bosnia-Herzegovina introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationP; Bulgaria nativeP; Corsica introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationQ,R; Crete, with Karpathos introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationS; Crimea nativeT; Croatia naturalisedU; Cyprus cultivatedC; Czech Republic nativeV,W; Denmark casualX; East Aegean islands introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationR; Estonia nativeY,Z; Finland casualAA,X; Former Yugoslavia introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationG,R; France, with Channel is. and Monaco introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationG,R (Channel islands casualAB,AC); Georgia nativeAD,AE,AF,AG,E; Germany nativeAH,AI; Great Britain casualAB,AC; Greece introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationB,G,R; Hungary native: doubtfully nativeAJ; Iceland casualAK; Ireland, with N Ireland nativeAC (Ireland casualAB, Northern Ireland casualAB); Israel/Palestine cultivatedAL; Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City naturalisedAM; Latvia nativeZ; Lebanon casualAN; Lebanon-Syria casualR; Lithuania introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationAO,AP; Moldova nativeAQ; Montenegro casualAR; Morocco introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationAS; Netherlands introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationAT; North Macedonia introducedAU; Norway casualAV,AW,X; Poland cultivatedAX,AY,G; Portugal introducedAZ; Romania introducedG; Russia (C European Russia nativeBA,BB,BC, E European Russia nativeBD,BE, Kaliningrad region introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationBF,BG, N European Russia casualBH, NW European Russia introducedBI,BJ, North Caucasus nativeBK,BL,E, S European Russia nativeBD); Sardinia naturalisedAM; Sicily, with Malta cultivatedG (Sicily casualBM,BN,R); Slovakia naturalisedBO; Slovenia introducedBP; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationG,R (Spain cultivatedAZ,L); Sweden casualX; Switzerland introducedBQ,BR,G; Syria casualAN; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationR, Turkey-in-Europe introduced: uncertain degree of naturalisationR); Ukraine nativeBS; Ukraine, with Crimea nativeBT

    Common Names

    Aragonese (Spain): caimoBU, caméBU, caménBU, cañamazoBU, cañamón (fruto)BU, cañemoBU, cañimBU, cañimetaBU, cañimeta (pie femenino)BU, cañimoBU, cánimBU, cáñamoBU; Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese (Spain): cáñamoBU, cáñamuBU, marihuanaBU, maríaBU; Basque (Spain): calamoBU, calamúaBU, garsandeBU, kalamoBU, kalamuBU, kalamuaBU, linaberaBU; Catalan; Valencian (Spain): briBU, cànemBU, cànem indiBU, cànyemBU, cánamBU, cánemBU, cánoBU, haixixBU, mariaBU; Finnish (Finland): hamppuBV; Galician (Spain): canaboBU; High Aragonese (Spain): cameBU, cañamazoBU, cañimetaBU, cañimoBU, cánimBU, cáñamoBU; Majorcan (Mallorca): cañumBU, cànemBU, cànyemBU, cànyomBU, cányomBU, cányumBU, cáñomBU; Portuguese (Portugal): canhamoBU, cannaboBU, cánamoBU, cánhamoBU, cánhamo-europeuBU, cánhamo-ordinarioBU, cánnamoBU, cânamoBU, cânhamoBU, linho-cannemoBU, linho-cánamoBU, linho-cánhamoBU, linho-cánhemoBU, linho-cánnamoBU, linho-cânamoBU, linho-cânhamoBU; Spanish; Castilian (Spain): castañoBU, cañamonesBU, cañamones (fruto)BU, cañamónBU, cañamón (fruto)BU, cáñamoBU, cáñamo africanoBU, cáñamo de florBU, cáñamo de la Vega de GranadaBU, cáñamo hembraBU, cáñamo indianoBU, cáñamo machoBU, cáñamo que da semillaBU, eneaBU, femela de la AlcarriaBU, grifaBU, hachísBU, kifBU, mariguanaBU, marihuanaBU, maríaBU; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): hampaBV; Valencian (Spain): cànemBU, cánemBU

    Bibliography

    A. Burdet, H. M. 1996: Compléments au prodrome de la flore corse. Annexe 4. Flore analytique des plantes introduites en Corse [Natali, A. & Jeanmonod, D.]. – Genève
    B. Strid, A. & Tan, K. 1997: Flora Hellenica 1. – Königstein
    C. Viney, D. E. 1994: An illustrated flora of North Cyprus 1. – Vaduz
    D. Barina, Z. 2017: Distribution atlas of vascular plants in Albania. – Budapest: Hungarian Natural History Museum
    E. Grossgejm, A. A. 1945: Flora Kavkaza 3 (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    F. Takhtajan, A. L. 1962: Flora of Armenia 4. – Erevan: Izdatel'stvo AN ASSR (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    G. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. 1964–1980: Flora europaea 1-5. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    H. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Österreich. – Stuttgart & Wien (as Cannabis sativa subsp. spontanea)
    I. Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. 1994: Exkursionsflora von Österreich. – Stuttgart & Wien
    J. Fischer, M. A. 2005: Exkursionsflora von Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, ed. 2. – Linz
    K. Karjagin, I. I. 1952: Flora Azerbajdžana 3. – Baku: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk Azerbajdžanskoj SSR (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    L. Bolòs, O. de, Vigo Bonada, J., Masalles, R. M. & Ninot, J. M. 1990: Flora manual dels països catalans. – Barcelona
    M. Parfenov, V. I. 1999: Opredelitel' vyssih rastenij Belarusi
    N. Lambinon, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. 2004: Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines, ed. 5. – Meise
    O. Verloove, F. 2006: Catalogue of neophytes in Belgium (1800-2005). – Scripta Botanica Belgica 39
    P. Hayek, A. von 1927: Prodromus florae peninsulae Balcanicae. – Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Beihefte 30(1): 1-1193
    Q. Gamisans, J. 2007: Flora corsica. – Aix-en-Provence
    R. Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M. & Long, G. 1989: Med-Checklist 4. – Genève & Berlin
    S. Jahn, R. & Schönfelder, P. 1995: Exkursionsflora für Kreta. – Stuttgart
    T. Tzvelev, N. N. 2004: Flora Europae Orientalis 11
    U. Nikolić, T. 2020: Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske 2. – Zagreb
    V. Kubát, K. 2002: Klíč ke květeně České republiky. – Praha (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    W. Kvetana 1 (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    X. Jonsell, B. 2000: Flora Nordica 1. – Stockholm
    Y. Kukk, T. 1999: Vascular Plant Flora of Estonia. – Tartu-Tallinn: Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus
    Z. Laasimer, L., Kuusk, V., Tabaka, L. & Lekavičius, A. (ed.) 1993: Flora of the Baltic countries. Flora Baltijskich Respublik 1. – Tartu: Estonian Academy of Sciences
    AA. Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. & Uotila, P. 1998: Retkeilykasvio, ed. 4. – Helsinki
    AB. Preston, C. D. & al. (ed.) 2002: New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. – Oxford
    AC. Stace, C. 1997: New Flora of the British Isles, ed. 2
    AD. Davlianidze, M. T., Gvinisashvili, T., Mukbaniani, M. V., Jinjolia, L. & Jugheli, T. 2018: Nomenclatural Checklist of Flora of Georgia. – Tbilisi: Ilia State University, Institute of Botany (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    AE. Davlianidze, M. T., Gvinisashvili, T., Mukbaniani, M. V., Jinjolia, L. & Jugheli, T. 2018: Nomenclatural Checklist of Flora of Georgia. – Tbilisi: Ilia State University, Institute of Botany
    AF. Kec'xoveli, N. 1975: Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 3. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    AG. Kec'xoveli, N. 1975: Flora Gruzii, ed. 2, 3. – Tbilisi: Metzniereba
    AH. Rothmaler, W. H. P. 2005: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 4: Gefäßpflanzen: Kritischer Band, ed. 10. – München (as Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa)
    AI. Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. – Stuttgart (as Cannabis sativa subsp. spontanea)
    AJ. Király, G. 2009: Új Magyar Füvészkönyv Magyarország hajtásos növényei Határozókulcsok (as Cannabis sativa subsp. spontanea)
    AK. Wasowicz, P., Przedpelska-Wasowicz, E. M. & Kristinsson, H. 2013: Alien vascular plants in Iceland: Diversity, spatial patterns, temporal trends, and the impact of climate change. – Flora 208: 648-673
    AL. Post, G. E. 1933: Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai, 2 [Dinsmore, J. E.], 2. – Beirut
    AM. Conti, F., Abbate, G., Alessandrini, A. & Blasi, C. 2005: An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. – Roma: Fratelli Palombi
    AN. Mouterde, P. 1966: Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 1
    AO. Gudžinskas, Z. 1999: Lietuvos induočiai augalai
    AP. Gudžinskas, Z. 1999: Lietuvos induočiai augalai (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    AQ. Gejdeman, T. S. 1986: Opredelitel' vysših rastenij Moldavskoj SSR, ed. 3. – Kisinev: Shtiintza (as Cannabis sativa subsp. spontanea)
    AR. Rohlena, J. 1942: Conspectus florae montenegrinae. – Preslia. Věstník (Časopis) československé botanické společnosti 20-21: 1-506
    AS. Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., Mathez, J., Ouyahya, A. & Oualidi, J. 1999: Flore Pratique du Maroc 1
    AT. Meijden, R. van der 2005: Heukels' flora van Nederland, ed. 23. – Groningen
    AU. Micevski, K. 1993: Flora na Republika Makedonija 1(2). – Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
    AV. Lid, D. T. 1994: Norsk Flora, ed. 6. – Oslo
    AW. Lid, J. & Lid, D. T. 2005: Norsk Flora, ed. 7
    AX. Mirek, Z. & al. 2002: Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A checklist
    AY. Mirek, Z. 1995: Vascular plants of Poland. A Checklist. – Polish Botanical Studies Guidebook Series 15
    AZ. Castroviejo, S. 1993: Flora Iberica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. 3
    BA. Grigorevskaya, A. Y. & al. 2004: Adventivnaya flora Voronezhkoi oblasti (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BB. Grigorevskaya, A. Y. & al. 2004: Adventivnaya flora Voronezhkoi oblasti
    BC. Maevskii, P. F. 2006: Flora srednei polosy Evropeiskoi tsasti Rossii
    BD. Tzvelev, N. N. 2004: Flora Europae Orientalis 11 (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BE. Woods, J. 1851: On the various forms of Salicornia. – Bot. Gaz. 27: 29-33 (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BF. Gubareva, I. J., Dedkov, V. P., Napreenko, M. G., Petrova, N. G., Sokolov, A. A. & al. 1999: Konspekt sosudistych rastenij Kaliningradskoj oblasti. – Kaliningrad (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BG. Gubareva, I. J., Dedkov, V. P., Napreenko, M. G., Petrova, N. G., Sokolov, A. A. & al. 1999: Konspekt sosudistych rastenij Kaliningradskoj oblasti. – Kaliningrad
    BH. Kravchenko, A. V. 2007: Konspekt flory Karelii
    BI. Tzvelev, N. N. 2000: Opredelitel' sosudistych rastenij severo-zapadnoj Rossii. – Sankt-Peterburg (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BJ. Tzvelev, N. N. 2000: Opredelitel' sosudistych rastenij severo-zapadnoj Rossii. – Sankt-Peterburg
    BK. Galuško, A. I. 1980: Flora severnogo Kavkaza 3. – Rostov-na-Donu (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BL. Zernov, A. S. 2006: Flora Severo-zapadnogo Kavkaza
    BM. Galasso, G. & al. 2018: An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. – Pl. Biosystems 152: 556-592. http://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2018.1441197
    BN. Giardina, G. & al. 2007: A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily. – Bocconea 20: 5-582
    BO. Goliašová, K. & Michálková, E. 2006: Flóra Slovenska 5(3) (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BP. Martinčič, A. 1999: Mala flora Slovenije, ed. 3. – Ljubljana
    BQ. Aeschimann, D. & Burdet, H. M. 1994: Flore de la Suisse, ed. 2. – Neuchâtel
    BR. Hess, H. E. 1998: Bestimmungsschlüssel zur Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete, ed. 4. – Basel, Boston & Berlin
    BS. Prokudin, J. N. 1987: Opredelitel’ vysših rastenij Ukrainy. – Kiev: Naukova Dumka (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BT. Mosyakin, S. L. & Fedoronchuk, M. M. 1999: Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist. – Kiev: M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (as Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.)
    BU. anonymous 2010: Anthos. Information System of the plants of Spain. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC - Fundación Biodiversidad – http://www.anthos.es/
    BV. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS