Source: Valdés, B. & Raab-Straube, E. von (2011+): Boraginaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Euro+MedendemicA: Canary islands (La PalmanativeB); France, with Channel is. and Monaco (Channel islandscasualC); Great BritainnaturalisedC; Ireland, with N IrelandcasualC; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra (SpainintroducedD)
Bibliography
A.Bramwell, D. 1972: A revision of the genus Echium in Macaronesia. – Lagascalia 2: 37-115
B.Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. 1993: Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4th revised edition. – Sommerfeltia 17
C.Stace, C. 2010: New Flora of the British Isles, ed. 3