Euphorbia

Synonymy

Euphorbia L., Sp. Pl.: 450. 1753

=Tithymalus Ség., Pl. Veron. 3: 91. 1754, nom. illeg.

=Euphorbium Hill, Brit. Herb.: 157. 1756

=Tithymalus Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 115. 1790, nom. cons.

=Ventenatia Tratt., Gen. Pl.: 86. 1802

=Anisophyllum Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 159. 1812, nom. illeg.

=Crepidaria Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 136. 1812, nom. superfl.
≡Tithymalus Mill., nom. rej.

=Dactylanthes Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 132. 1812

=Esula Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 153. 1812

=Galarhoeus Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 143. 1812

=Medusea Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 133. 1812

=Pedilanthus Neck. ex Poit. in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 388. 1812, nom. cons.

=Treisia Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 131. 1812

=Chamaesyce Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 3: 260. 1821

=Characias Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 259. 1821

=Desmonema Raf. in Atlantic J.: 177. 1833

=Pleuradena Raf. in Atlantic J.: 182. 1833

=Poinsettia Graham in Edinburgh New Philos. J. 20: 412. 1836

=Lacanthis Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 94. 1837

=Adenorima Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 112. 1838

=Agaloma Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 116. 1838

=Aklema Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 114. 1838

=Allobia Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 116. 1838

=Aplarina Raf., New Fl. 4: 99. 1838

=Cyathophora Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 117. 1838

=Ditritra Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 115. 1838

=Endoisila Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 114. 1838

=Kanopikon Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 114. 1838

=Lepadena Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 113. 1838

=Lophobios Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 116. 1838

=Murtekias Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 116. 1838

=Nisomenes Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 116. 1838

=Peccana Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 114. 1838

=Pythius Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 116. 1838

=Tirucalia Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 112. 1838

=Torfasidis Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 112. 1838

=Tumalis Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 114. 1838

=Vallaris Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 114. 1838, nom. illeg.

=Xamesike Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 115. 1838

=Zalitea Raf., New Fl. 4: 98. 1838

=Dematra Raf., Autik. Bot.: 96. 1840

=Galorhoeus Endl., Gen. Pl.: 1108. 1840

=Kobiosis Raf., Autik. Bot.: 94. 1840

=Alectoroctonum Schltdl. in Linnaea 19: 252. 1846

=Anthacantha Lem. in Ill. Hort. 5: 64. 1858

=Arthrothamnus Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 251. 1859

=Diadenaria Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 254. 1859

=Eumecanthus Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248. 1859

=Hexadenia Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253. 1859

=Leptopus Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249. 1859, nom. illeg.

=Sterigmanthe Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 252. 1859

=Tithymalopsis Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249. 1859

=Trichosterigma Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248. 1859

=Adenopetalum Klotzsch & Garcke in Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250. 1860, nom. illeg.

=Euphorbiastrum Klotzsch & Garcke in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 252. 1860

=Synadenium Boiss. in Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 187. 1862

=Lyciopsis (Boiss.) Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 37. 1867

=Chylogala Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, ser. 2, 17: 150. 1869

=Epurga Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, ser. 2, 17: 150. 1869

=Euphorbion St.-Lag. in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 125. 1880

=Tithymalodes Ludw. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620. 1891, nom. superfl.

=Monadenium Pax in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 126. 1894

=Lortia Rendle in J. Bot. 36: 29. 1898

=Stenadenium Pax in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 343. 1901

=Zygophyllidium Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 714. 1903

=Elaeophorbia Stapf in Johnston, Liberia 2: 646. 1906

=Diplocyathium Heinr. Schmidt in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22(1): 40. 1907

=Euphorbiodendron Millsp. in Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305. 1909

=Cubanthus Millsp. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 371. 1913

=Dichylium Britton, Bot. Porto Rico 5: 499. 1924

=Ctenadena Prokh., Consp. Syst. Tithymalus As. Med.: 28. 1933

=Cystidospermum Prokh., Consp. Syst. Tithymalus As. Med.: 13, 25. 1933

=Sclerocyathium Prokh., Trans. Rubber Guttap. Inst. U.S.S.R.: 14, 30. 1933

=Endadenium L. C. Leach in Garcia de Orta, Sér. Bot. 1: 31. 1973

=Tithymaloides Ortega, Tabl. Bot.: 9. 1773, nom. rej.

=Athymalus Neck., Elem. Bot. 2: 353. 1790, nom. inval.

=Keraselma Neck., Elem. Bot. 2: 353. 1790, nom. inval.

=Petaloma Raf. ex Boiss. in Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 63. 1862, nom. inval.

Content

Distribution

AE(G) Ag Al Au Az Be Bl Br Bt Bu By Ca Cm Co Cr Cy Cz Da Eg Fa Fe Ga Ge Gr Hb He Ho Hs(S) Hu IJ Is It Ju LS Li Lu Ma Md No Po Rf(C CS E N NW S) Rm Sa Sg Si Sn Tcs Tn Tu(A E) Uk [Su]

Euro+Med: Albania native ‒ nativeA; Algeria native ‒ nativeA; Austria, with Liechtenstein native ‒ nativeA; Azores native ‒ nativeA; Baleares native ‒ nativeA; Baltic states, with Kaliningrad region native ‒ nativeA; Belarus native ‒ nativeA; Belgium, with Luxembourg native ‒ nativeA; Bulgaria native ‒ nativeA; Canary islands native ‒ nativeA; Corsica native ‒ nativeA; Crete, with Karpathos native ‒ nativeA; Crimea native ‒ nativeA; Cyprus native ‒ nativeA; Denmark native ‒ nativeA; East Aegean islands (Greek East Aegean islands native ‒ nativeA); Egypt native ‒ nativeA; Faroe islands native ‒ nativeA; Finland native ‒ nativeA; Former Czechoslovakia native ‒ nativeA; Former Yugoslavia native ‒ nativeA; France, with Channel is. and Monaco native ‒ nativeA; Germany native ‒ nativeA; Great Britain native ‒ nativeA; Greece native ‒ nativeA; Hungary native ‒ nativeA; Iceland native ‒ nativeA; Ireland, with N Ireland native ‒ nativeA; Israel/Palestine-Jordan native ‒ nativeA; Italy, with San Marino and Vatican City native ‒ nativeA; Lebanon-Syria native ‒ nativeA; Libya native ‒ nativeA; Madeira archipelago native ‒ nativeA; Morocco native ‒ nativeA; Netherlands native ‒ nativeA; Norway native ‒ nativeA; Poland native ‒ nativeA; Portugal native ‒ nativeA; Romania native ‒ nativeA; Russia (C European Russia native ‒ nativeA, E European Russia native ‒ nativeA, N European Russia native ‒ nativeA, NW European Russia native ‒ nativeA, North Caucasus native ‒ nativeA, S European Russia native ‒ nativeA); Salvage islands native ‒ nativeA; Sardinia native ‒ nativeA; Sicily, with Malta native ‒ nativeA; Sinai native ‒ nativeA; South Caucasus native ‒ nativeA; Spain, with Gibraltar and Andorra native ‒ nativeA (Spain native); Sweden introduced ‒ introducedA; Switzerland native ‒ nativeA; Tunisia native ‒ nativeA; Turkey (Turkey, Asiatic part native ‒ nativeA, Turkey-in-Europe native ‒ nativeA); Ukraine native ‒ nativeA

Common Names

Finnish (Finland): tyräkitB; Swedish (Sweden & Finland): törlarB

Bibliography

A. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

B. Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R., Piirainen, M. & Uotila, P. 2019: Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland. Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo. – Helsinki: Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS